What does this mean?
A small pimple-like bump on the gum is often the end of a channel that lets pus drain into the mouth. An infection at the root of a tooth, or in a pocket beside it, makes its own way out through this channel.
When the bump bursts and drains, the pain may ease, which is why people think the problem has gone. But the channel is open because the source of infection is still there; the bump can close and return, and the cycle can go on for months.
The position of the bump is a clue. Near the tip of a tooth's root it usually points to a dead nerve or a root canal that has not settled; closer to the gum edge it can mean infection in a gum pocket or a crack in the root. An examination and an X-ray tell which.
Four causes are common when a bump appears on the gum, and its position against the tooth and what comes with it separate them.
Likely causes
What helps at home?
- Do not squeeze the bump or burst it with a needle; that can push the infection deeper
- Rinse with lukewarm salt water several times a day and brush the area gently without harming the gum
- Avoid chewing hard food with the tooth on that side
- Do not put off an examination because the bump has closed; it often opens again
- Swelling in the face or under the jaw
- A fever
- Difficulty swallowing, breathing or opening the mouth
- Pain that grows quickly along with the bump
Frequently asked questions
- Does a pimple on the gum go away by itself?
- The bump can close, but unless the source of the infection under it is treated it often opens again. Rather than waiting for it to go away, the cause should be found at an examination.
- Can a gum bump be painless?
- Yes. Because the pus drains out, pressure falls and there may be no pain. That does not mean the problem has ended; painless bumps often point to an infection that has been going on quietly for some time.
- Is a gum bump dangerous?
- It often progresses slowly, but if the infection spreads it can cause facial swelling and fever. That is why a bump on the gum should be shown to a dentist without waiting.
This content is for general information and does not replace an in-person examination. Symptoms overlap between conditions, and a diagnosis can only be made clinically.